software: NJ-Star
function: Japanese for DOS.
comment: This is a sophisiticated DOS word processor for any IBM clone that allows for viewing and editiing of documents in all major Japanese encoding systems, including SJIS, New JIS, NEC JIS, and EUC. It allows for input in kana, romaji, and even pinyin. However. it is a bit more combersome than input using a front-end editor like ATOK as Kanji must be selected using a numeral rather than simply the space bar. It's default mode is EUC, so most people will have to run the configuration program to get it the way they want it. It includes a Kanji dictionary that allows people learning Japanese to instantly look up Kanji they don't know. Instalation is easy, as they four zip files, which take up about 1.6MB, can be unzipped in a single directory and run with no further ado. Unzipped, the program is about 3MB. The shareware version is extremely useful, although if someone wants to do high quality printing they should pay $89 for the registered version that includes a manual and print fonts.

You will need the following text file and four zip files:

ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njstar31.txt
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njj310a.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njj310b.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njj310c.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njj310d.zip



software: NJ-Star for
function: Japanese for DOS.
comment: This word processor for Windows 95 has lots of capability and frills, but unfortunately still uses a combersome kanji input system. Kanji must be selected using a numeral rather than simply the space bar. The zip file is about 3MB.

ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njjwp420.exe
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njjwp420.txt

software: NJWin
function: CJK view for Windows
comment: This is a solid viewer with automatic detection of the various Japanese codes, conversion between traditional and simplified Chinese characters, and also has Korean capability, but no input system. Also, I found occasional corrupt characters at the begining or end of a line when using it with Microsoft Explorer, although I assume this is due to the fact that the browser unknowingly split the two-bit Kanji and that I would get better results using a CJK version of the browser.

ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njwin160.exe
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/njwin160.txt

software: MOKE (Mark's Own Kanji Editor
function: Japanese for DOS.
comment: MOKE's is a text editor and not a word processor. It is less sophisticated than NJStar, but may work on more primative systems, requiring only a 386, MS-DOS 3.1, and a 2HD floppy drive at minimum. This version was released in 1990, although it has since transformed itself into commercial software. Instalation is a bit tricky, as some files have to be placed in a seperate directory. Wombat is providing two batch file that may be of help, one for minimal (floppy-based) installation and one for full instalation. It only seems to handle 7-bit encoding systems (i.e. JIS and EUC but not SJIS), but includes a conversion program. A slightly better conversion program is provided from Wombat below. The seven zip files, which take up about 900KB and unzipped the program is about 2MB. ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11bgi.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11doc.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11exe.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11k16.zip

ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11skk.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11wnnd.zip
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/mk11wsk.zip

The following batch files may help in installation:
http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/mokehard.bat
http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/mokeflop.bat

UW-DBM (UNIWAY)

You will need the following two files:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/ms-win/c-sys/uwdbm4_e.exe
ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/ms-win/input/uwhk.zip
You will need to press here for UnionWay product ID in order to activate the software.
Directory : ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/ms-win/c-sys
Help file : ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/ms-win/c-sys/uwdbm4_c.exe

software: Twin Bridge
function: CJK viewer for Windows
comment: TwinBridge is a package that adds CJK functionality to non-CJK Windows. A demo version of TwinBridge for Japanese is at the following URL:

A corresponding README file that provides details of the demo (and contact information) is at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/windows/twnbdemo.txt

software: MView version: 1.00, 1995.7.12 function: Super-Software MView is a Microsoft Windows integrated software that allows viewing of Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters under Windows. The supported coding types include GB, HZ, BIG5, JIS, EUC, SJIS, KSC, UTF7 and UTF8. MView is distributed as a shareware. It is an inexpensive software with some distinctive features that are not found in other softwares. MView has been tested on Netscape 1.1n, Netscape 1.2b2, Windows Notepad, Windows Write and Norton Desktop Editor. author: Albert Chong comment: Mview is a smaller program than Uniway and very useful as a viewer, but it does not seem to run with as many applications.

You will need the zipped software file and the fonts for whichever character set you plan to use.

Software:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/ms-win/viewer/ss-mview.zip

Simplified Chinese font:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/fonts/gb/hbf/cclib.16

Traditional Chinese font:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/fonts/big5/hbf/chinese.16

Japanese font:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/fonts/misc/hbf/jis.16

Korean font:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/fonts/misc/hbf/ksc.16

Unified font:

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/fonts/unicode/hbf/unihan16.hbf

Gunzipped set of all the fonts???: ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/fonts/unicode/hbf/*16.bin.gz

software: MView

version: 1.00 Alt, 1995.7.16

function: IMPORTANT: This is an alternative version of MView Version 1.00. This version uses only Unicode font files. Refer to mview_at.txt for (7 bits), ISO Latin-1 (8 bits), Japanese, Chinese, Korean (16 bits) coded in the ISO2022 standard and its variants (e.g. EUC, Compound Text). For Chinese there is support for both GB and Big5. In addition, Arabic, IPA, Thai (based on TIS620) and Vietnamese (based on VISCII and VSCII) are also supported.

author: Ken'ichi HANDA, Satoru TOMURA, Mikiko NISIKIMI

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/mule/mule-2.3.tar.gz

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/mule/diff-2.2.2-2.3.gz

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/mule/diff-19.28-2.3.gz

software: Multi-Language Conversion System "Wnn"

version: 4.2

function: This packege includes the following software:

Japanese Conversion Server

Simplified Chinese Conversion Server

Traditional Chinese Conversion Server

Korean Conversion Server

Multi-Language Input Manager for X Window(R5/R6)

author: KUWARI Seiji comment:I am not sure of the file name listed below, so you will have to look around the directory

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/x-win/Wnn4.2.tar.gz

software: mule

version: 2.3 of 1995.7.24 (SUETSUMUHANA)

function: MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs 19.28 can handle ASCII (7 bits), ISO Latin-1 (8 bits), Japanese, Chinese, Korean (16 bits) coded in the ISO2022 standard and its variants (e.g. EUC, Compound Text). For Chinese there is support for both GB and Big5. In addition, Arabic, IPA, Thai (based on TIS620) and Vietnamese (based on VISCII and VSCII) are also supported.

authors: Ken'ichi HANDA, Satoru TOMURA, Mikiko NISIKIMI

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/mule/mule-2.3.tar.gz

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/mule/diff-2.2.2-2.3.gz

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/mule/diff-19.28-2.3.gz

software: CJK version: 3.0 beta 1, 1995.12.6 function: Enables Chinese/Japanese/Korean for use with LaTeX2e; supports GB, BIG5, CNS, JIS, KSC, and UTF8. author: Werner Lemberg

ftp://cnd.org/pub/software/tex/CJK.3_0.1.tar.gz

Here are Ken Lunde's programs for converting, repairing, and printing JIS codes compiled on a unix sun machine!

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/jis.exe

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/repair-jis.exe

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/print-jis.exe

Mr. Lunde was nice enough to make available to us his source codes, which are writen in "C". He has our gratitude!

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/jis.c

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/repair-jis.c

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/print-jis.c

The good people at Wombat have ported Mr. Lunde's algorythms to Turbo Pascal and compiled versions that run on both MS-DOS for IBM and MS-DOS for the NEC 9800 series. http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/wjc.pas

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/wjc.com (for NEC's)

http://www.pitt.edu/~ctnst3/cjk/wjc.exe (for IBM's)

INFORMATION

Squeeze here for Macintosh software from CMU
ftp://omron3.sp.cs.cmu.edu/pub/mac/japanese

This is an excellent and comprehensive online document that by Ken Lunde that provides information on CJK (that is, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) character set standards and encoding systems. In short, it provides detailed information on how CJK text is handled electronically. Mr. Lunde is happy to share this information with others and would appreciate any comments/feedback on its content. The current version (master copy) of this document is maintained at:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/cjk.inf
This file may also be obtained by contacting Mr. Lunde directly using one of the e-mail addresses listed in the CONTACT INFORMATION section.

The following files contain the latest information about changes (additions and corrections) made to UJIP for various printings, both for those that have taken place (such as for the second printing) and for those that are planned (the first digit is the edition, and the second is the printing):

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/errata/ujip-errata-1-2.*
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/errata/ujip-errata-1-3.*
The asterisk is used for the file extension that indicates the Japanese code used (jis, euc, or sjs) -- pick the one that is best suited for your display or printing environment. I *highly* recommend that all readers of UJIP obtain these errata files. Those without FTP access can request copies directly from me.

If you happen to be running X Windows, it is very easy to display these CJK character sets (if a bitmapped font for the character set exists, that is). Here is what I usually do:
o Obtain a BDF (Bitmap Distribution Format) font for the target character set. Try the following URLs:

ftp://cair-archive.kaist.ac.kr/pub/hangul/fonts/
ftp://etlport.etl.go.jp/pub/mule/fonts/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/fonts/{big5,cns,gb,misc,unicode}/bdf/
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/unix/
BDF files usually have the string "bdf" somewhere in their file name. If the file is compressed (noticing that it ends in .gz or .Z is a good indication), decompress it. BDF files are text files.

Base64 encoding is most commonly used for encoding non-ASCII text that appears in e-mail headers. Of all the portions of an e-mail message, its header gets manipulated the most during transmission, and Base64 encoding offers a safe way to further encode non-ASCII text so that it is not altered by mail-routing software.

One typically does not need to worry about encoding text as Base64 (MIME-compliant mailing software usually performs this task for you). The problem is usually trying to decode Base64-encoded text. A Base64 decoder is available in Perl at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/perl/b64decode.pl
Note that this program takes "raw" Base64 data as input. Any non- Base64 stuff must be stripped. I usually run this from within Mule (C-u M-| b64decode.pl) after defining a region around the Base64- encoded material.

Most MIME-compliant e-mail software can decode Base64-encoded text.

There are two types of conversions that can be performed. The first type is converting between different encodings for the same character set. This is usually without problems (but not always). The second type is converting from one character set to another (it is not usually relevant whether the underlying encoding has changed or not). This usually involves the handling of characters that are in one character set, but not the other. So, what to do?

I suggest JConv for handling Japanese code conversion (this means converting between JIS, Shift-JIS, and EUC encodings). This is in the category of different encodings for the same character set. The following URLs provide executables or source code:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/mac/jconv-30.hqx
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/mac/jconv-dd-181.hqx
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/dos/jconv.exe
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/src/jconv.c
There are other programs available that do the same basic thing as JConv, such as kc and nkf. They are available at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/unix/

ftp://ftp.ucdavis.edu/pub/JIS

For software that handles Chinese code conversion (this includes conversion to and from Japanese), I suggest browsing at the following URLs:

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/dos/convert/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/mac/convert/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/ms-win/convert/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/vms/convert/
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/map/
The latter URL mirrors some material made available from Koichi Yasuoka (yasuoka@kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp).

http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/
The latter can be found at the following URLs:

http://www.netscape.com/
ftp://ftp.netscape.com/

Mule (multilingual enhancement to GNU Emacs), written by Kenichi Handa (handa@etl.go.jp), is the first (and only?) CJK-capable editor for UNIX systems, and is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Mule was developed from Nemacs (Nihongo Emacs).

Mule is available at the following URL:

ftp://etlport.etl.go.jp/pub/mule/

CNPRINT, developed by Yidao Cai (cai@neurophys.wisc.edu), is a utility to print CJK text (or convert it to a PostScript file), and is available for DOS, VMS, and UNIX systems. A wide range of encoding methods are supported by CNPRINT.

CNPRINT is available at the following URLs:

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/{dos,unix,vms}/print/
ftp://neurophys.wisc.edu/[public.cn]/

Nisus Writer, written by Nisus Software and available for Macintosh, is fully CJK-capable as long as you have the appropriate scripts installed (such as CLK for Chinese or JLK for Japanese). A"Language Key" is also required for Chinese and Korean (and some one-byte scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew).

The CJK encodings that are supported by Nisus Writer are the same as made available by the underlying Macintosh operating system. No import/export of other encodings is supported. You must run separate conversion utilities for both import and export.

A demo version of Nisus Writer is available at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.nisus-soft.com/pub/nisus/demos/NisusWriterDemo.sea.hqx
Give it a try! Updaters are also available at the same FTP site. Nisus Software can be contacted using the following e-mail address or through their WWW page:

info@nisus-soft.com http://www.nus/

The following Usenet Newsgroups typically have postings with information relevant to issues discussed in CJK.INF (in alphabetical order): alt.chinese.computing

alt.chinese.text (HZ encoding used for Chinese text)

alt.chinese.text.big5 (Big Five encoding used for Chinese text)

alt.japanese.text (JIS encoding used for Japanese text)

comp.software.international

comp.std.internat

fj.editor.mule (JIS encoding used for Japanese text)

fj.kanji (JIS encoding used for Japanese text)

sci.lang.japan (JIS encoding used for Japanese text)

If your local news host does not provide a feed of the fj.* newsgroups (shame on them!), or if you do not have access to Usenet News, you can alternatively fetch them from the following URL:

ftp://kuso.shef.ac.uk/pub/News/
The subdirectories correspond to the newsgroup name, but with the"dots" being replaced by "slashes." For example, the "fj.binaries.mac" newsgroup is archived in the "fj/binaries/mac" subdirectory. Many thanks to Earl Kinmonth (jp1ek@sunc.shef.uc.uk) for this service.

Below are the URLs for useful FTP sites. The directory specified is the recommended place from which to start poking around for useful files.

ftp://cair-archive.kaist.ac.kr/pub/hangul/
ftp://etlport.etl.go.jp/pub/mule
ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/
ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/
ftp://ftp.uwtc.washington.edu/pub/Japanese/
ftp://kuso.shef.ac.uk/pub/Japanese/
ftp://unicode.org/pub/
This list is expected to grow.

A.2.2: USEFUL TELNET SITES For those who have a NIFTY-Serve account, there is now a very convenient way to access NIFTY-Serve using telnet. The URL is as follows:

telnet://r2.niftyserve.or.jp/
Another information service with a similar access mechanism is CompuServe, whose URL is as follows:

telnet://compuserve.com/
You will need to press the return key to get the "Host Name:" prompt, at which time you type "cis" (just follow the menus from this point on).

You can also do a search on fj.* newsgroup articles at the following URL:

telnet://asahi-net.or.jp/
You login as "fj-db" once you are connected.

A.2.4: USEFUL WWW SITES

Because the World-Wide Web is a constantly changing place (and more importantly, because I don't want to re-issue a new version of this document every month!), I will maintain links to useful documents at my WWW Home Page. Its URL is as follows:

http://jasper.ora.com/lunde/
A.3.4: RFCs

Many RFCs (Request for Comments) are relevant to this document. They are:

o RFC 1341: "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions): Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies," by Nathaniel Borenstein and Ned Freed, June 1992.

o RFC 1468: "Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages," by Jun Murai et al., June 1993.

o RFC 1554: "ISO-2022-JP-2: Multilingual Extension of ISO-2022-JP," by Masataka Ohta and Kenichi Handa, December 1993.

o RFC 1557: "Korean Character Encoding for Internet Messages," by Uhhyung Choi et al., December 1993.

These RFCs can be obtained from FTP archives that contain all RFC documents (such as URLs ftp://nic.ddn.mil/rfc/ or ftp://ftp.uu.net/ inet/rfc/), but these specific ones are mirrored at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/Ch9/
An RFC to cover Chinese is currently in the works, and will be made available at the above URL as soon as it is ready.

A.3.5: FAQs

There are several FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) files that provide useful information. The following is a listing of a some along with their URLs:

o "sci.lang.japan" FAQ by Rafael Santos (santos@mickey.ai.kyutech.ac.jp) at:

http://www.mickey.ai.kyutech.ac.jp/japanese/
Update announcements are usually posted to the sci.lang.japan newsgroup.

o "Programming for Internationalization" FAQ by Michael Gschwind (mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at) at:

ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/ISO-programming
Also posted to the comp.software.international newsgroup.

o "Japanese Internet Service Providers" FAQ by Mike Collinson (mike@uxp.bs2.mt.nec.co.jp) at ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/faq/japan-internet.FAQ
o "Internationalization Reference List" by Eugene Dorr (gdorr@pgh.legent.com) at: ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/i18n-books.txt
Note really a FAQ, but quite useful.

o "How to Use Japanese on the Internet with a PC: From Login to WWW"by Hideki Hirayama (sgw01623@niftyserve.or.jp) at:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/faq/jpn-inet.FAQ


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